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          <p>Nginx功能丰富，可作为HTTP服务器，也可作为反向代理服务器，邮件服务器。支持FastCGI、SSL、Virtual Host、URL Rewrite、Gzip等功能。并且支持很多第三方的模块扩展。</p>
<h1 id="零-前言"><a href="#零-前言" class="headerlink" title="零. 前言"></a>零. 前言</h1><h3 id="0-1-配置文件在哪"><a href="#0-1-配置文件在哪" class="headerlink" title="0.1 配置文件在哪"></a>0.1 配置文件在哪</h3><p>安装好nginx我们首先要知道配置文件在哪里?</p>
<p><img src="/p/7245bfc7/1.png" alt="1"></p>
<p>说明nginx的主配置文件都在 <code>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code>里. 打开文件我们还可以看到</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;</span><br><span class="line">include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>需要添加新配置选项的地方位于 sites-enabled 文件夹。如果你打开这个文件夹，你会发现一个名为 default 的文档，打开后你就会找到nginx的配置选项, 当你安装好nginx默认看到的首页就是在这里配置的.</p>
<p>在该目录下还有一个 sites-available 的文件夹, 这个文件夹一般在你需要建立和管理多个站点的时候非常有用，可以帮助你更好的组织不同的项目。你需要在这里添加你的nginx配置文案并将他们链接至 sites-enabled 目录下。</p>
<p>只有在 sites-enabled 目录下的配置文件才能够真正被用户访问。但是你同样可以将文件放在 sites-available 目录下用来存档或者生成链接。</p>
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          <h3 id="1-nginx-upstream-负载均衡"><a href="#1-nginx-upstream-负载均衡" class="headerlink" title="1. nginx upstream 负载均衡"></a>1. nginx upstream 负载均衡</h3><p>upstream 模块负债负载均衡模块，如果Nginx没有仅仅只能代理一台服务器的话，那它也不可能像今天这么火，Nginx可以配置代理多台服务器，当一台服务器宕机之后，仍能保持系统可用。具体配置过程如下：</p>
<p> 在http节点下，添加upstream节点。</p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">upstream</span> levonfly &#123; </span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">10.0.6.108:7080</span>; </span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attribute">server</span> <span class="number">10.0.0.85:8980</span>; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将server节点下的location节点中的proxy_pass配置为：http:// + upstream名称，即”<a href="http://levonfly&quot;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://levonfly&quot;</a>.</p>
<figure class="highlight nginx"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attribute">location</span> / &#123; </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">root</span>  html; </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">index</span>  index.html index.htm; </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attribute">proxy_pass</span> http://levonfly; </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>现在负载均衡初步完成了。upstream按照轮询（默认）方式进行负载，每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器down掉，能自动剔除。虽然这种方式简便、成本低廉。</p>
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          <h3 id="1-服务器相关"><a href="#1-服务器相关" class="headerlink" title="1. 服务器相关"></a>1. 服务器相关</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>变量名</th>
<th>备注</th>
<th>示例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><code>nginx_version</code></td>
<td>当前运行的 Nginx 版本号</td>
<td>1.11.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>server_port</code></td>
<td>服务器端口</td>
<td>8080</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>server_addr</code></td>
<td>服务器端地址</td>
<td>127.0.0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>server_name</code></td>
<td>服务器名称</td>
<td>127.0.0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>server_protocol</code></td>
<td>服务器的HTTP版本</td>
<td>HTTP/1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>status</code></td>
<td>HTTP 响应代码</td>
<td>200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>time_iso8601</code></td>
<td>服务器时间的 ISO 8610 格式</td>
<td>2018-09-02T15:14:27+08:00</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>time_local</code></td>
<td>服务器时间（LOG Format 格式）</td>
<td>02/Sep/2018:15:14:27 +0800</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>document_root</code></td>
<td>当前请求的文档根目录或别名</td>
<td><code>/home/xiaowu/github/echo.xuexb.com</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>request_filename</code></td>
<td>当前连接请求的文件路径，由 <code>root</code>或 <code>alias</code>指令与 URI 请求生成</td>
<td><code>/home/xiaowu/github/echo.xuexb.com/api/dump/path</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>request_completion</code></td>
<td>如果请求成功，值为”OK”，如果请求未完成或者请求不是一个范围请求的最后一部分，则为空</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pid</code></td>
<td>工作进程的PID</td>
<td>1234</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>msec</code></td>
<td>当前的Unix时间戳</td>
<td>1535872750.954</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>limit_rate</code></td>
<td>用于设置响应的速度限制</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pipe</code></td>
<td>如果请求来自管道通信，值为“p”，否则为“.”</td>
<td>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>connection_requests</code></td>
<td>TCP连接当前的请求数量</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>connection</code></td>
<td>TCP 连接的序列号</td>
<td>363861</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>realpath_root</code></td>
<td>当前请求的文档根目录或别名的真实路径，会将所有符号连接转换为真实路径</td>
<td>/home/xiaowu/github/echo.xuexb.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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          <h3 id="1-域名概念"><a href="#1-域名概念" class="headerlink" title="1. 域名概念"></a>1. 域名概念</h3><h5 id="1-1-二级域名"><a href="#1-1-二级域名" class="headerlink" title="1.1 二级域名"></a>1.1 二级域名</h5><p>二级域名是指顶级域名之下的域名, 见下面的例子:</p>
<ul>
<li>.com 顶级域名<ul>
<li>liuvv.com 一级域名(你花钱申请的)<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.liuvv.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.liuvv.com</a> 二级域名</li>
<li>blog.liuvv.com 二级域名</li>
<li>依次类推…</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>有几点需要注意下:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.liuvv.com是属于二级域名,不过一般我们把这个域名配置指向一级域名访问" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.liuvv.com是属于二级域名,不过一般我们把这个域名配置指向一级域名访问</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.liuvv.com/news这种形式一般称之为网站的子页面子目录等,并不是二级域名" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.liuvv.com/news这种形式一般称之为网站的子页面子目录等,并不是二级域名</a>.</li>
<li>另外类似.com.cn, .net.cn, .org.cn这种称之为二级域.</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="1-2-域名泛解析"><a href="#1-2-域名泛解析" class="headerlink" title="1.2 域名泛解析"></a>1.2 域名泛解析</h5><p>我们的目的是实现访问二级域名后转发请求.首先要实现的是二级域名的配置,一般使用Nginx泛解析来处理. 泛解析即利用通配符*来做次级域名以实现所有的次级域名均指向同一IP地址。</p>
<p>泛解析的用途有:</p>
<ol>
<li>可以让域名支持无限的子域名(这也是泛域名解析最大的用途)。</li>
<li>防止用户错误输入导致的网站不能访问的问题。</li>
<li>可以让直接输入网址登陆网站的用户输入简洁的网址即可访问网站。</li>
</ol>
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          <p>先上下效果图</p>
<p><img src="/p/6600d67c/3.png" alt="1"></p>
<p><img src="/p/6600d67c/2.png" alt="1"></p>
<h3 id="1-配色iterm2"><a href="#1-配色iterm2" class="headerlink" title="1. 配色iterm2"></a>1. 配色iterm2</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">https://github.com/mbadolato/iTerm2-Color-Schemes <span class="comment"># 这上面好多, 慢慢挑</span></span><br><span class="line">https://github.com/dracula/dracula-theme/ <span class="comment"># 选用的这个</span></span><br><span class="line">https://github.com/MartinSeeler/iterm2-material-design</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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          <p>tmux是一款优秀的终端复用软件，它比Screen更加强大。 tmux之所以受人们喜爱，主要得益于以下功能：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>丝滑分屏（split），虽然iTem2也提供了横向和竖向分屏功能，但这种分屏功能非常拙劣，完全等同于屏幕新开一个窗口，新开的pane不会自动进入到当前目录，也没有记住当前登录状态。这意味着如果我ssh进入到远程服务器时，iTem2新开的pane中，我依然要重新走一遍ssh登录的老路（omg）。tmux就不会这样，tmux窗口中，新开的pane，默认进入到之前的路径，如果是ssh连接，登录状态也依旧保持着，如此一来，我就可以随意的增删pane，这种灵活性，好处不言而喻。</p>
</li>
<li><p>保护现场（attach），即使命令行的工作只进行到一半，关闭终端后还可以重新进入到操作现场，继续工作。对于ssh远程连接而言，即使网络不稳定也没有关系，掉线后重新连接，可以直奔现场，之前运行中的任务，依旧在跑，就好像从来没有离开过一样；特别是在远程服务器上运行耗时的任务，tmux可以帮你一直保持住会话。如此一来，你就可以随时随地放心地进行移动办公，只要你附近的计算机装有tmux（没有你也可以花几分钟装一个），你就能继续刚才的工作。</p>
</li>
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          <h3 id="1-区别"><a href="#1-区别" class="headerlink" title="1. 区别"></a>1. 区别</h3><h5 id="1-1-usr-lib-systemd-system-软件包安装的单元"><a href="#1-1-usr-lib-systemd-system-软件包安装的单元" class="headerlink" title="1.1 [/usr]/lib/systemd/system/  (软件包安装的单元)"></a>1.1 [/usr]/lib/systemd/system/  (软件包安装的单元)</h5><p>The expectation is that <code>/lib/systemd/system</code> is a directory that should only contain systemd unit files which were put there by the package manager (YUM/DNF/RPM/APT/etc).</p>
<h5 id="1-2-etc-systemd-system-系统管理员安装的单元-优先级更高"><a href="#1-2-etc-systemd-system-系统管理员安装的单元-优先级更高" class="headerlink" title="1.2 /etc/systemd/system/(系统管理员安装的单元, 优先级更高)"></a>1.2 /etc/systemd/system/(系统管理员安装的单元, 优先级更高)</h5><p>Files in <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> are manually placed here by the operator of the system for ad-hoc software installations that are not in the form of a package. This would include tarball type software installations or home grown scripts.</p>
<h3 id="2-优先级"><a href="#2-优先级" class="headerlink" title="2. 优先级"></a>2. 优先级</h3><p>systemd的使用大幅提高了系统服务的运行效率, 而unit的文件位置一般主要有三个目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Table 1.  Load path when running in system mode (--system).</span><br><span class="line">┌────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐</span><br><span class="line">│Path                    │ Description                 │</span><br><span class="line">├────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤</span><br><span class="line">│/etc/systemd/system     │ Local configuration         │</span><br><span class="line">├────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤</span><br><span class="line">│/run/systemd/system     │ Runtime units               │</span><br><span class="line">├────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤</span><br><span class="line">│/lib/systemd/system     │ Units of installed packages │</span><br><span class="line">└────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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          <h3 id="1-安装"><a href="#1-安装" class="headerlink" title="1. 安装"></a>1. 安装</h3><ul>
<li>安装电池</li>
<li>拧上三脚架</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-平衡"><a href="#2-平衡" class="headerlink" title="2. 平衡"></a>2. 平衡</h3><p>调节平衡之前需要先认清三个轴:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>俯仰轴   相机的右侧的那个圆圈(转动改变角度)</p>
</li>
<li><p>横滚轴   后方写着智云字体的那个圆圈(貌似不会转动,倾斜改变角度)</p>
</li>
<li><p>航向轴   手柄上方的那个圆圈(转动改变角度)</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="2-1-调节平衡"><a href="#2-1-调节平衡" class="headerlink" title="2.1 调节平衡"></a>2.1 调节平衡</h5><ul>
<li>先调节俯仰轴水平, 前后移动快装板, 松手水平后拧紧快装板螺丝</li>
<li>再调节俯仰轴垂直, 松手垂直后拧紧俯仰轴螺丝</li>
<li>再调节横滚轴, 松手水平后拧紧横滚轴螺丝</li>
<li>最后调节航向轴, 把三脚架怼着肚子,松手水平后拧紧航向轴螺丝</li>
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          <h3 id="0-安装"><a href="#0-安装" class="headerlink" title="0. 安装"></a>0. 安装</h3><ul>
<li><p>windows</p>
</li>
<li><p>mac</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-基础操作"><a href="#1-基础操作" class="headerlink" title="1. 基础操作"></a>1. 基础操作</h3><h5 id="1-1-软件"><a href="#1-1-软件" class="headerlink" title="1.1 软件"></a>1.1 软件</h5><ul>
<li>新建项目</li>
<li>窗口-&gt;工作区-&gt;重置</li>
<li>首选项-&gt;自动保存</li>
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          <h1 id="一-句子结构"><a href="#一-句子结构" class="headerlink" title="一. 句子结构"></a>一. 句子结构</h1><p>主语: Subject -&gt; 动作的发出者</p>
<p>谓语: Verb -&gt; 动作</p>
<p>宾语: Object -&gt; 动作的承受者</p>
<h3 id="1-1-简单句-主语-谓语-宾语"><a href="#1-1-简单句-主语-谓语-宾语" class="headerlink" title="1.1 简单句:  主语 + 谓语 + 宾语"></a>1.1 简单句:  主语 + 谓语 + 宾语</h3><h3 id="1-2-并列句-主谓宾-并列词-主-谓宾"><a href="#1-2-并列句-主谓宾-并列词-主-谓宾" class="headerlink" title="1.2 并列句:  主谓宾 + 并列词 + [主]谓宾"></a>1.2 并列句:  主谓宾 + 并列词 + [主]谓宾</h3><ul>
<li><p>并列词: and, or, but, not only…but also</p>
</li>
<li><p>两个句子是同等地位</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-3-复合句-主谓宾-主句-从句引导词-主谓宾-从句"><a href="#1-3-复合句-主谓宾-主句-从句引导词-主谓宾-从句" class="headerlink" title="1.3 复合句:  主谓宾(主句) + 从句引导词 + 主谓宾(从句)"></a>1.3 复合句:  主谓宾(主句) + 从句引导词 + 主谓宾(从句)</h3><ul>
<li><p>从句引导词: which, when, where</p>
</li>
<li><p>主句是主导地位, 从句是从属地位</p>
</li>
<li><p>从句类型:</p>
<ul>
<li>名词性从句(名词)</li>
<li>定语从句(形容词)</li>
<li>状语从句(副词)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="1-4-总结"><a href="#1-4-总结" class="headerlink" title="1.4 总结"></a>1.4 总结</h4><ul>
<li>句子必须有谓词</li>
<li>一个简单句子不能出现多个谓词</li>
</ul>
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